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Median annual earnings of visual artists were about $31, 690 a year in 1998. The middle 50 percent earned between $23, 790 and $41, 980 a year. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $17, 910 and the highest 10 percent earned more than $64, 580. Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest number of visual artists in 1997 were as follows: make money online

iAdvertising $34, 800 Periodicals 33, 000 Mailing, reproduction, stenographic services 32, 700 Commercial printing 24, 700 Newspapers 24, 100 Earnings for self-employed visual artists vary widely. Some charge only a nominal fee while they gain experience and build a reputation for their work. Others, such as well-established freelance graphic designers and fine artists, can earn much more than salaried artists do. Like other self-employed workers, freelance artists must provide their own benefits. internet business opportunity

Related Occupations Top

Many occupations in the advertising industry, such as account executive and creative director, are related to the fine arts and graphic design. Other workers who apply visual art skills include architects; landscape architects; photographers; and floral, industrial, and interior designers. Various printing occupations also are related to visual art, as is the work of art and design teachers. In addition, several occupational options associated with the Internet have emerged-for example, webmaster and Internet page designer. These jobs often require artistic talent, as well as computer skills. free money

Sources of Additional Information Top

For an order form for a directory of accredited college-level programs in art and design (available for $15.00) or career information in visual arts occupations, contact: work at home business

• The National Association of Schools of Art and Design, 11250 Roger Bacon Dr., Suite 21, Reston, VA 20190. free online affiliate program

For information on careers in medical illustration, contact: auction coin money paper

• The Association of Medical Illustrators, 2965 Flowers Road South, Suite 105, Atlanta, GA 30341. franchise business opportunity

For a list of schools offering degree programs in graphic design, contact: best free online affiliate

• The American Institute of Graphic Arts, 164 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10010. blogging money thebillivard

Selected industries employing visual artists that appear in the 2000-01 Career Guide to Industries: best home based business

• Printing and publishing
• Advertising

Source: US Department Of Labour

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Biologists, see: Biological and medical scientists START BODY TEXT Nature of the Work

| Working Conditions | Employment | Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement | Job Outlook | Earnings | Related Occupations | Sources of Additional Information money site thebillivard com

• Biological scientists usually require a Ph.D. degree for independent research but a master s degree is sufficient for some jobs in applied research or product development; a bachelor s degree is adequate for some non-research jobs. online business opportunity

• Medical scientist jobs require a Ph.D. degree in a biological science, but some jobs need a medical degree. pay per click affiliate

• Doctoral degree holders face considerable competition for independent research positions; holders of bachelor s or master s degrees in biological science can expect better opportunities in non-research positions. cnn money

lead and instruct children and teenagers in outdoor-oriented forms of recreation, such as swimming, hiking, horseback riding, and camping. In addition, counselors provide campers with specialized instruction in activities such as archery, boating, music, drama, gymnastics, tennis, and computers. In resident camps, counselors also provide guidance and supervise daily living and general socialization. (Workers in a related occupation, recreational therapists, help individuals recover or adjust to illness, disability, or specific social problems; this occupation is described elsewhere in the Handbook.) business opportunity lead

Working Conditions Top

The work setting for recreation workers may vary from a cruise ship, to a woodland recreational park, to a playground in the center of a large urban community. Regardless of setting, most recreation workers spend much of their time outdoors and may work in a variety of weather conditions. Recreation directors and supervisors, however, typically spend most of their time in an office, planning programs and special events. Because full-time recreation workers spend more time acting as managers than as hands-on activities leaders, they engage in less physical activity. Nevertheless, recreation workers at all levels risk suffering an injury during physical activities. affiliate program directory

Most recreation workers put in about 40 hours a week. People entering this field, especially camp counselors, should expect some night and weekend work and irregular hours. About 3 out of 10 work part time, and many jobs are seasonal. making money program

Employment Top

Recreation workers held about 241, 000 jobs in 1998, and many additional workers held summer jobs in this occupation. Of those with year-round jobs as recreation workers, about half worked in park and recreation departments of municipal and county governments. Nearly 1 in 4 worked in membership organizations, such as the Boy or Girl Scouts, the YMCA, and Red Cross, or worked for programs run by social service organizations, including senior centers, adult daycare programs, or residential care facilities like halfway houses, group homes, and institutions for delinquent youth. Another 1 out of 10 worked for nursing and other personal care facilities. work from home business

Other employers of recreation workers included commercial recreation establishments, amusement parks, sports and entertainment centers, wilderness and survival enterprises, tourist attractions, vacation excursion companies, hotels and resorts, summer camps, health and athletic clubs, and apartment complexes. internet marketing affiliate

The recreation field has an unusually large number of part-time, seasonal, and volunteer jobs. These jobs include summer camp counselors, lifeguards, craft specialists, and after-school and weekend recreation program leaders. In addition, many teachers and college students accept jobs as recreation workers when school is not in session. The vast majority of volunteers serve as activity leaders at local day-camp programs, or in youth organizations, camps, nursing homes, hospitals, senior centers, YMCAs, and other settings. Some volunteers serve on local park and recreation boards and commissions. Volunteer experience, part-time work during school, or a summer job can lead to a full-time career as a recreation worker. money in the bank

Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Top

Educational requirements for recreation workers range from a high school diploma, or sometimes less for many summer jobs, to graduate degrees for some administrative positions in large public recreation systems. Full-time career professional positions usually require a college degree with a major in parks and recreation or leisure studies, but a bachelor s degree in any liberal arts field may be sufficient for some jobs in the private sector. In industrial recreation, or employee services as it is more commonly called, companies prefer to hire those with a bachelor s degree in recreation or leisure studies and a background in business administration. internet home business

Specialized training or experience in a particular field, such as art, music, drama, or athletics, is an asset for many jobs. Some jobs also require certification. For example, when teaching or coaching water-related activities, a lifesaving certificate is a prerequisite. Graduates of associate degree programs in parks and recreation, social work, and other human services disciplines also enter some career recreation positions. High school graduates occasionally enter career positions, but this is not common. Some college students work part time as recreation workers while earning degrees. credit card affiliate program

Physicists and astronomers whose work is dependent on grant money are often under pressure to write grant proposals to keep their work funded. Employment Top Physicists and astronomers held nearly 18, 000 jobs in 1998. About 2 in 10 nonfaculty physicists and astronomers worked for commercial or noncommercial research, development, and testing laboratories. The Federal Government employed almost 2 in 10, mostly in the Department of Defense, but also in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the Departments of Commerce, Health and Human Services, and Energy. Other physicists and astronomers worked in colleges and universities in nonfaculty positions, or for State governments, drug companies, and electronic equipment manufacturers. unclaimed money

Besides the jobs described above, many physicists and astronomers held faculty positions in colleges and universities. (See the statement on college and university faculty elsewhere in the Handbook.) mlm business opportunity

Although physicists and astronomers are employed in all parts of the country, most work in areas in which universities, large research and development laboratories, or observatories are located. Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Top A doctoral degree is the usual educational requirement for physicists and astronomers, because most jobs are in basic research and development. Additional experience and training in a postdoctoral research appointment, although not required, is important for physicists and astronomers aspiring to permanent positions in basic research in universities and government laboratories. Many physics and astronomy Ph.D. holders ultimately teach at the college or university level. ppc affiliate program

Master s degree holders usually do not qualify for basic research positions but do qualify for many kinds of jobs requiring a physics background, including positions in manufacturing and applied research and development. Physics departments in some colleges and universities are creating professional master s degree programs to specifically prepare students for physics-related research and development in private industry that does not require a Ph.D. degree. A master s degree may suffice for teaching jobs in 2-year colleges. Those with bachelor s degrees in physics are rarely qualified to fill positions as research or teaching physicists. They are, however, usually qualified to work in an engineering-related area, software development and other scientific fields, to work as technicians, or to assist in setting up computer networks and sophisticated laboratory equipment. Some may qualify for applied research jobs in private industry or nonresearch positions in the Federal Government. Some become science teachers in secondary schools. Astronomy bachelor s or master s degree holders often enter a field unrelated to astronomy, and they are qualified to work in planetariums running science shows, to assist astronomers doing research, and to operate space- and ground-based telescopes and other astronomical instrumentation. (See the statements on engineers; geologists, geophysicists, and oceanographers; computer programmers; and computer systems analysts, engineers, and scientists elsewhere in the Handbook.) money exchange

About 760 colleges and universities offer a bachelor s degree in physics. Undergraduate programs provide a broad background in the natural sciences and mathematics. Typical physics courses include electromagnetism, optics, thermodynamics, atomic physics, and quantum mechanics. income opportunity home based

In 1998, 183 colleges and universities had departments offering Ph.D. degrees in physics. Another 72 departments offered a master s as their highest degree. Graduate students usually concentrate in a subfield of physics, such as elementary particles or condensed matter. Many begin studying for their doctorate immediately after receiving their bachelor s degree. make money with affiliate

About 70 universities grant degrees in astronomy, either through an astronomy, physics, or a combined physics/astronomy department. Applicants to astronomy doctoral programs face competition for available slots. Those planning a career in astronomy should have a very strong physics background. In fact, an undergraduate degree in either physics or astronomy is excellent preparation, followed by a Ph.D. in astronomy. money gram

Farm equipment mechanics may advance to shop supervisor, service manager, or manager of a farm equipment dealership. Some mechanics open their own repair shops or invest in franchised dealers. A few farm equipment mechanics with strong customer service backgrounds advance to service representatives for farm equipment manufacturers. home internet based business

Job Outlook Top

Employment of farm equipment mechanics is expected to decline through the year 2008. Most job openings will arise from the need to replace experienced mechanics who retire. Nevertheless, job opportunities should be good for persons who have completed formal training in farm equipment repair, diesel mechanics, or a similar program. Employers of farm equipment mechanics report difficulty finding qualified candidates to fill available positions because people trained to repair farm equipment have the fundamental skills and knowledge to work as mechanics in industries outside agriculture. Many young people with mechanic training prefer to take jobs as automotive mechanics, diesel mechanics, heavy equipment mechanics, or industry machine repairers, all occupations that offer relatively higher earnings and a wider variety of locations in which to work. advertising affiliate program

Some consolidation of farmland into fewer and larger farms is expected to continue through 2008. Although farmers may need a smaller stock of equipment in the years ahead, they will keep investing in newer, more efficient and more specialized equipment to till greater acreage more productively and profitably. For example, new planting equipment uses electronics to spread seeds more uniformly. Many modern tractors have large, electronically controlled engines, and air-conditioned cabs, and feature advanced transmissions with many speeds. The new machinery is expensive, usually being designed and manufactured to withstand many years of rugged use. However, it requires periodic service and repairs. The increased complexity of such equipment means that trained mechanics will make repairs rather than the farmers. make money at home

Sales of smaller lawn and garden equipment constitute a growing share of the business of most farm equipment dealers. Most large manufacturers of farm equipment now offer a line of smaller tractors to sell through their established dealerships. This equipment, however, is designed for easy home service and only requires a mechanic when major repairs are needed. homebased business opportunity

The agricultural equipment industry experiences periodic declines in sales. Layoffs of mechanics, however, are uncommon because farmers often elect to repair old equipment rather than purchase new equipment. online affiliate program

Earnings Top

Median hourly earnings of farm equipment mechanics in 1998 were $10.94. The middle 50 percent earned between $8.86 and $13.20. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $6.96 and the top 10 percent earned more than $16.01. Most farm equipment mechanics also have the opportunity to work overtime during the planting and harvesting seasons, which generally pays time and one-half. money investing

Very few farm equipment mechanics belong to labor unions, but those who do are members of the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers; the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America; and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. work at home based business

Related Occupations Top

Other workers who repair large mobile machinery include aircraft mechanics, automotive mechanics, diesel engine specialists, and mobile heavy equipment mechanics. Sources of Additional Information Top Details about work opportunities may be obtained from local farm equipment dealers and local offices of the State employment service. For general information about the occupation, write to: affiliate sales program

• North American Equipment Dealers Association, 10877 Watson Rd., St. Louis, MO 63127. making money

• A large proportion, about 40 percent, of salaried agricultural and food scientists works for Federal, State, and local governments. home based mlm business

• A bachelor s degree in agricultural science is sufficient for some jobs in applied research; a master s or doctoral degree is required for basic research. pay per sale affiliate program

• Those with advanced degrees have the best prospects; however, competition may be keen for some basic research jobs if Federal and State funding for these positions is cut. mad money

The wide range in dining hours creates work opportunities attractive to homemakers, students, and other individuals seeking supplemental income. For example, over 20 percent of kitchen and food preparation workers are 16-19 years old. Kitchen workers employed by public and private schools may work during the school year only, usually for 9 or 10 months. Similarly, establishments at vacation resorts usually only offer seasonal employment. business opportunity from home

Employment Top

Chefs, cooks, and other kitchen workers held more than 3.3 million jobs in 1998. Restaurant cooks held 783, 000 of these jobs; short-order and fast-food cooks, 677, 000; institutional cooks, 418, 000; bread and pastry bakers, 171, 000; and other kitchen workers, 1, 256, 000. About three-fifths of all chefs, cooks, and other kitchen workers were employed in restaurants and other retail eating and drinking places. One-fifth worked in institutions such as schools, universities, hospitals, and nursing homes. Grocery stores, hotels, and other organizations employed the remainder. mortgage affiliate program

Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Top

Most chefs, cooks, and other kitchen workers start as fast-food or short-order cooks or in another lower-skilled kitchen position. These positions require little education or training, and most skills are learned on the job. After acquiring some basic food handling, preparation, and cooking skills, these workers may be able to advance to an assistant cook or short-order cook position. microsoft money

Although a high school diploma is not required for beginning jobs, it is recommended for those planning a career as a cook or chef. High school or vocational school courses in business arithmetic and business administration are particularly helpful. Many school districts, in cooperation with State departments of education, provide on-the-job training and summer workshops for cafeteria kitchen workers with aspirations of becoming cooks. Large corporations in the food service and entertainment industries also offer paid internships and summer jobs, which can provide valuable experience. new business opportunity

To achieve the level of skill required of an executive chef or cook in a fine restaurant, many years of training and experience are necessary. An increasing number of chefs and cooks obtain their training through high school, post-high school vocational programs, or 2- or 4-year colleges. Chefs and cooks also may be trained in apprenticeship programs offered by professional culinary institutes, industry associations, and trade unions. An example is the 3-year apprenticeship program administered by local chapters of the American Culinary Federation in cooperation with local employers and junior colleges or vocational education institutions. In addition, some large hotels and restaurants operate their own training programs for cooks and chefs. web master affiliate program

People who have had courses in commercial food preparation may be able to start in a cook or chef job without having to spend time in a lower-skilled kitchen job. Their education may give them an advantage when looking for jobs in better restaurants and hotels, where hiring standards often are high. Although some vocational programs in high schools offer training, employers usually prefer training given by trade schools, vocational centers, colleges, professional associations, or trade unions. Postsecondary courses range from a few months to 2 years or more and are open in some cases only to high school graduates. The Armed Forces are also a good source of training and experience. money converter

Although curricula may vary, students in these programs usually spend most of their time learning to prepare food through actual practice. They learn to bake, broil, and otherwise prepare food, and to use and care for kitchen equipment. Training programs often include courses in menu planning, determination of portion size, food cost control, purchasing food supplies in quantity, selection and storage of food, and use of leftover food to minimize waste. Students also learn hotel and restaurant sanitation and public health rules for handling food. Training in supervisory and management skills sometimes is emphasized in courses offered by private vocational schools, professional associations, and university programs. affiliate program software

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